This World Is Not Deterministic…

This world is not deterministic. There is no fate. There is no “things happen for a reason.” There is action and reaction. Period. And if there ever was a “grand plan,” we humans would have ruined it long ago. At every moment in time, an infinite number of circumstances, some in whose creation we are accomplices and some that occur randomly, are triggering human emotions that define the nature of the moments to come. Those emotions are the motivators for our actions. When we take action, we influence the outcome of events that are still to pass – else we would not act, right? The thing is that our emotions can be very quirky. In only slightly differing circumstances, the same piece of news can elicit drastically differing responses. The only way you could ever say that the world is deterministic, that there is fate, would be if you could say that the emotional responses of humans can be predicted reliably. Like weather, we can predict that certain things will happen (like rain and temper tantrums), but we have a hard time saying when or where (OK, maybe it’s not hard when it comes to some people.). The point is that we humans and our collective, emotionally-driven actions guarantee against determinism. This is good news.

To say that the world is not deterministic is not to say that there are no laws of nature. There are, and if we isolate enough of the variables, we can see them in action whenever we want. The fact is that there is such a thing as absolute truth; we just can’t observe and/or grasp all of it. So we do the best we can, knowing that the quest to understand our world will serve us well as we navigate it. We call a spade a spade, and we rely upon reason and logic to get us as close to absolute truth as possible. They have worked spectacularly for centuries. Nothing else has ever come close. We can, therefore, anchor our minds with the idea that the best way to discover the truth of any situation is by considering it in a critically rational way, by maintaining a scientific sort of skepticism. And we’re most skeptical of the notion of certainty. There are far too many things for which our explanations are sorely lacking to be strutting around proclaiming that we are certain. The key is that by seeking truth and relying on logic and reason to get us as close as possible, we have a firm foundation from which to pursue our interests in life.

The world’s indetermism is perhaps most profound when it is invoked in pondering what to do with our time here. Many people are hung up about status and background. These people, whether they know it or not, are determinists. They believe rich people lead rich people lives and poor people lead poor people lives. They believe where you come from determines where you’ll end up. They believe that the way things have been is the way they’ll continue to be. For some of them, to struggle against this fate is an act of futility, one that diverts limited resources from the practical responsibilities of life. For others, their ambition is defeated, for whatever reason, and they cling to determinism to justify their failure to achieve. In both cases, these people have missed the boat. Recognizing that the world is not deterministic causes us to reject this line of thinking and replace it with an action, consequence, desire, competence, and opportunity mentality.

If we think of time as unfolding from this moment forward, we can think of every choice we make as having consequences. Most are insignificant, but some reverberate for a while. If we take an interest in truth, we get a serious leg up in accurately predicting events further and further into the future. The fact is that for just about anything you’d ever want to do, there’s information available on how to go about a doing it. And before anyone gets the idea that only sooome people do certain things, there’s information available about real people who routinely disprove this hairball idea. Now, it is true that some information is easily obtained, while some requires considerable investment. We might have to study or pay our dues by doing things we don’t like to get to the information we seek. That’s where desire comes in.

The indeterminist idea implores us to explore our interests to determine how best to take action. We recognize that our actions can impact future proceedings, and our quest for truth has us seeing farther and farther into the future. In short, we are aware of the real power of our actions if we choose wisely and commit to our decisions. All that remains is to figure out what we like. This requires a preference for experience, and an open mind with no tendencies toward judgements. We know right away when we find something we like, so we simply explore the consequences of pursuing it and weigh them against those of our other options. Eventually, hopefully, a dream life appears in our imaginations.

This is where things get good. I would say that a life that allows us to pursue our interests and spend our time with the people we care about is a pretty good template for a dream life. This is a life filled with “want to dos” versus “have to dos.” Visualizing something like this, for the indeterminist, is a substantial motivator. Desire is now properly tuned. All that stand between the desire and the realization of the dream are competence and opportunity. Competence is the practical side of the action/consequence concept. This is where we put our understanding of our world into use. We use the things we know to get to things we don’t know. Sounds a lot like logic, right? This is the investment in information component of the success strategy. Here, we are focused on the deterministic aspects of our indeterministic world. We are students of cause and effect. We are pattern detectors. We are generalizers, and we are synthesizers of random information. Most importantly, we’re goal oriented and we accept the realities that confront us.

If one’s desire is to make a living as a musician, he or she must accept the hours of practice that will be required. If one’s desire is to be a physician, he or she must accept the years of schooling that stand in the way. And, just to be clear, we recognize these hindrances as hurdles, not roadblocks. Every goal can be achieved. It’s all a matter of desire. How much are we willing to pay, and how confident are we in our ability to make the key decisions along the way? Thinking of these as hurdles keeps us optimistic. We need only decide which we will attempt to overcome. Opportunity can play a major role in these considerations.

With goals and the competence to achieve them in hand, we pursue opportunity. We do not await opportunity for we cannot expect it to come to us. We pursue it by understanding it. This is very simple – we study those who have achieved what we desire. Our fluency with the principles of cause and effect will alert us as to the actions that lay ahead. Once again, we weigh them against how much we want what we want. If the desire is strong enough, we do what it takes, create our opportunities, and realize our dreams.

All along the way, we have held tightly to the notion that every moment could go in an infinite number of directions. We have held tightly to the notion that the world is not deterministic. This has emboldened us to consider our actions as supremely meaningful in the unfolding of our lives. Stepping back in awe at our power, we have committed to the judicious use of it. We become knowledgeable and experienced so that we can make the most of our decisions. In a larger sense, we just want to make the most of the time we have. Seeing the indeterminacy of the world is the key to doing just that.

Status and Self-Hatred

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OK, maybe it’s time for something a little more serious. A little more personal.

Do you love yourself? You should. You’re the only with your exact pattern of DNA that has interacted with your environment in exactly the way that you have. Sure, being unique isn’t necessarily a reason to love yourself. But having unique DNA with limitless possibilities…now that’s a good reason to be bullish on your personal stock. Of course, if you’re going to make anything of your life, you’ll have to overcome whatever unnecessary hurdles your genes are throwing into your path.

One area where our genes are seriously working against us is in how we view ourselves. In caveman days, the status hierarchy in the tribe was everything. Those at the top had food, shelter, and mates. Those who were not suffered and died a childless death. That was the harsh reality of our ancestors’ environment. Natural selection navigated that environmental pitfall by installing in humans the tendency to pay attention to status and to do what it took to get it. If you’re here to read this today, we can be sure of one thing – your ancestors were good at this. But now, this same mechanism that kept our ancestors alive is crippling us when it comes to feeling good about ourselves.

The fact is that there are far too many people in this world who hate themselves, and I would venture to say that the percentages in the US dwarf the percentages anywhere else on the planet. This is very simply because of the quest for status. Humans, in looking for a way to the top of the totem pole, continuously assess their environment (and in America, there are more ways to the top and more definitions of being at the top than anywhere). We determine who has status by seeing who gets the most attention, who has the most of whatever happens to be valuable, and, of course, by which guys have the best girls, and which girls have the best guys. We then naturally compare whatever attributes we think contribute most to the success of these high-status inividuals to whatever we have going on. If we don’t measure up, we feel bad about ourselves. This was a good thing in caveman days. It’s anything but good today.

Back when our ancestors were angling for position in a tribe with limited slots, being attuned to status made all the difference. Today, however, status means nothing. Those who are the top of the ranks in our society are there for reasons that do not matter at all to us personally. For example, though so many focus on the super-rich, being wealthy in itself is no indication of anything but money. There are as many jerks among the rich as there are among any other demographic. And they are no more happy than any other group – trust me, they are consuming more Prozac than anyone. So, why should we care if we don’t stack up with them? The same is true for the beautiful people.

The current trend these days is toward being beautiful at all costs. The question I always want to ask these folks on the make-over shows is this: why do you want to be beautiful? Of course, I know the answer – to get people to notice me/like me/love me, and so on. This is silly. Even if it works, you’ll have people who care about you for your looks. That’s a pretty flimsy foundation for a relationship. Sure, some people believe that being attractive will give them to chance to show off that wonderful personality to people who have previously not been willing to give them a look. But again, why cater to these kinds of people? They’re obviously shallow and lacking in the kind of character we should be in search of. Alas, however, this is the caveman mind at work.

We clamor for status – unconsciously, in most cases. But there’s a fix. The first thing to do is to reject what society deems important. Society at large is one big market. We can’t forget that that which sells isn’t necessarily valuable. So while society is raving about fake boobs, the ladies with flat chests and low self-esteem are hating themselves as they figure out how to finance the operation that they believe will solve all of their problems. Suppose being flat-chested comes into style, then the situation will reverse. Can you imaging the silicon queens rushing to get their boobs removed? How could one’s self-esteem be tied to something as fickle as the social acceptability? No, self-esteem has to be tied to something deeper.

We need a common denominator here, one that will stay intact regardless of what society prefers. And we have one – it’s called character. That’s step two – work on who you really are as a person. Learn to be kind, honest, fair, trustworthy, knowledgeable, disciplined, forward-thinking, and open-minded. These are attributes that can endure anything. More importantly, these are the kinds of things to love about yourself.
The sad and ironic fact is that I know scores of people who have most or all of these characteristics (even if they’re sometimes hard to spot), yet they hate themselves. Their caveman genes have such a grip on them that they focus entirely on the yardstick (or sticks, as it were) of social acceptability and ignore the things that really matter. You know how I know? Because they are the ones who are constantly putting other people down. They are constantly trying to shatter anyone’s good news. They are constantly looking for evidence of weakness or inferiority in their acquaintances and friends. Anything to take the focus off of themselves and how much they loathe what they see when they look in the mirror. It’s sad but I see it all the time.

The bottom line is that it doesn’t matter if you’re rich or beautiful or have sought-after talents. Sure, these attributes can be helpful in living a fun life, and there’s nothing wrong with pursuing them. You just have to make sure that they are, in no way, tied to your self-esteem. In this respect, they simply do not matter. What matters is relationships. And you only get good relationships by loving yourself for being a good person and then demanding that others love you for the same reason. If you’re not the good person you want to be, get to work, and love yourself for being a work in progress, and for having the commitment to become who you want to be. And don’t be afraid to be yourself. It doesn’t matter what you’re into. You can be a cross-dressing, ping-pong champion and I guarantee that there are folks with whom you’ll click and form deep meaningful relationships. You just have to let go of what your genes tell you and decide to love yourself, no matter who you are.

Truth and the Caveman Mind

If we’re going to reject the team mentality and the herd mentality to come to opinions and beliefs that make sense, we’re going to have to make sure we know how to find truth. This, it turns out, is not exactly easy for the caveman mind. Our emotions push us to buy into all sorts of ideas that make absolutely no sense.

The first step is realizing that certainty is a fantasy. Francis Bacon once said, “If a man will begin with certainties, he shall end in doubts; but if he will be content to begin with doubts, he shall end in certainties.” I’d say he’s mostly right. However, even when we think we’re certain, we must ALWAYS recognize that we may be wrong. That means that we have to be stingy with our beliefs. We have to be skeptical. Unless we have a good reason to believe something, we are best served if we consider the matter unresolved until such time as things change.

This leads us to the question of how we pursue truth if we can’t ever be certain. The easy answer is evidence. However, not necessarily positive evidence. The approach to take is to determine all of the possible explanations for an idea. For example, if we want to know if the minimum wage is helpful to society, we must consider two main hypotheses – either it is or it isn’t. Then we look at all of the evidence against each hypothesis. The idea that the minimum wage is good for society is refuted by consistent statistics that indicate that high minimum wages lead to high unemployment. Therefore, though some may make a little more, more are out of work. The idea that the minimum is not good for society, on the other hand, has very little to refute it. Therefore, though we recognize that we can’t be certain, we can feel comfortable choosing the latter hypothesis.

This is called Critical Rationalism, and it is the very basis of the scientific method. Scientists put forth hypotheses and then spend their time trying to disprove them. Those that stand up to experiments make their way into theories. Those that do not are rejected (and they usually lead to more hypotheses). This is how man’s knowledge moves forward. We must use the same approach when considering all issues. Even though most of us lack the capability to test all ideas we encounter, we can do a little research to figure out where we stand.

The key is to be willing to say we don’t know. If there isn’t enough evidence either way, it is better to withhold judgement. For example, many people are certain that Michael Jackson is a pedophile. While the evidence we encounter in the news seems to point to his guilt, those of us who have never met him really don’t know. We’re therefore best served if we withhold opinion on the matter.

What makes this hard is the caveman tendency to take sides based upon group affiliation. We saw this most starkly with the OJ trial. Blacks overwhelmingly believed he was innocent, and whites overwhelmingly believed he was guilty. The only way to approach something like this is in a critically rational way. We must have the courage to reject our emotional leanings and look objectively at the evidence. It’s the only way.

The Ethical Caveman

We don’t have to reject our humanity to make progress these days. Yes, our caveman tendencies are causing us problems. However, we can retune them to work for us, rather than against us. One way in particular is to adopt a set of fixed ethics as the core of our value system.

Our comparative analysis tendencies are genetic so we’re hard pressed to do away with them. But we can teach ourselves to compare ourselves to what we can think of as an ideal person. For example, we may decide that an ideal person is one who is kind and honest, one who is fair and open-minded, and one who is respectful of all people. When we do, we have adopted those characteristics as our ethics. Then, we simply compare ourselves to those on a day-to-day basis. It’s amazing how powerful this concept is.

Right away, we are free from the desire for social acceptability. It is a fact that being popular does not in any way indicate being ethical. We all know of despicable people who are embraced by society. When we strive to live according to our ethics, we end up internalizing very little in life. The reality of our world is that the opinions of most people don’t matter at all. They are their issue, not ours. When we rationally determine what it means to be a good person, we can hold our heads high as walk through life trying to live up to our ideals. If our contemporaries don’t share our values, so be it. Who cares?

Artifacts of the Caveman Mind

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Now that you know the background behind the Enlightened Caveman concept, it’s time to see how the ancient design of the human mind translates into behavioral tendencies that are pervasive in our society. I call these the artifacts of the caveman mind. The enlightened caveman has disposed of their influences. The result is an entirely new and comforting view of life in our modern world.

  1. In-group prejudice. We naturally sort people into groups – those who are like us and those who are not. Those who are members of our in-group are given irrational and often unjustified prejudicial treatment. This is what I call the team mentality. Our innate desire to be a part of a group has interesting implications in today’s world. In contrast to how things worked for our cave-dwelling ancestors, we now have the luxury of choosing our team. This is most obvious in politics and sports. It is my view that most people choose their political leanings and favorite sporting teams by siding with the people they get along with. The merits of political views take a backseat to the team mentality. The same is basically true with respect to how people choose their favorite sports teams. Why else would anyone be a Cubs fan:-) However, with sports, this is not an issue. With politics, it is a major problem, one that I’ll elaborate on later.
  2. Comparative Analysis. We naturally compare ourselves to our contemporaries and base our self-opinions on the results of those measurements. This has its roots in man’s quest for status. If our neighbors seem more successful than we (by society’s standards), it is common for us to internalize this and end up feeling bad about ourselves. This is a mistake. Our self-esteem must be based upon ethics and ethics alone.
  3. The Herd Mentality. We naturally gravitate toward beliefs and actions that are held and taken by the majority. This is a consequence of pursuing group acceptance. Once again, ideas and opinions are embraced without regard for their merits. This is a major problem.
  4. High Status Admiration. Those who receive the most attention in society are irrationally admired and emulated. In caveman times, one would emulate high status members of the group in order to obtain status for him or her self. But in those days, there weren’t many ways to get status – they were all tied to survival and reproductive skills. Today, status is more a function of attention. Those who can best distract individuals from their daily lives are unconsciously perceived as the high status members of society. The caveman emulation mechanisms take over and voila, we’re comparing ourselves to popular people and basing our self-esteem on how we stack up. This is perhaps the greatest source of feelings of insecurity and inadequacy in our world. Furthermore, this causes us to adopt twisted value systems such as materialism. It also prevents people from pursuing their talents and interests if they don’t fall into the realm of social acceptability. The fact is that being popular is absolutely irrelevant to our self-esteem. Are we ethical people? That’s what matters.
  5. Authority-based Indoctrination. We are naturally inclined to irrationally accept and embrace the beliefs and attitudes of individuals we perceive as authority figures. This is also tied to the quest for status. In today’s world, we must reject this approach and consider ideas and attitudes rationally, based upon their merit and nothing more. If this means we end up at odds with authority figures, so be it. This is how mankind advances. It has always been so.
  6. Focus on Looks. We are naturally driven to evaluate ourselves and others in terms of outward appearance. It is a fact that attractive people have it easier than unattractive people when it comes to job opportunities, friendships, and romantic relationships. This tied to our natural assessment of fitness – we subconsciously connect tallness, muscle tone, a lean physique, symmetrical features, a full head of hair, and shiny teeth to being reproductively fit. The thing is that nowadays, these kinds of things really don’t matter. It is the content of one’s character that matters now. Of course, given the fact that most people are not yet likely to be hip to this idea, it isn’t necessarily bad to compare ourselves to others with respect to our looks. However, we have to be careful with what we do with these assessments. We needn’t feel bad about ourselves. We must simply accept the reality of how our looks impact our opportunities in life. Average-looking and not so attractive people often have to bring other qualities to the game if they want to achieve their goals. And when it comes to evaluating other people, we have to endeavor to take looks out of the equation. It’s that simple.

Before anyone gets steamed at me about these gross generalizations, let me just say this. I am well aware that many people do not fall prey to these caveman tendencies. For whatever reason, they have figured out that these approaches to life don’t really bear fruit. Nevertheless, these artifacts of the caveman mind are everywhere. If they don’t apply to you, it is still worthwhile to note their existence in the people all around you. (You’ll be surprised at how rarely you’re surprised by your fellow man.) In fact, these artifacts are the source of most of our social problems. I will refer to them again and again as time goes on.

A Little Background

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To get a handle on this line of thinking, you have to understand a bit of evolutionary psychology. This is the relatively new discipline that applies evolutionary theory to the science of the mind. Robert Wright’s bestseller The Moral Animal (1994) was the first book to bring it to the attention of the masses. The idea that concerns us here is the notion that natural selection made its last significant changes to the human mind somewhere between 20,000 and 100,000 years ago. At that time, humans were nomads living in small groups with close kin. Life was challenging, to say the least. The humans that were still around when mankind conquered his environment and placed natural selection on the sidelines are our ancestors. Their genes have been mixed and matched over the millenia to give us the population of humans on the earth today. It turns out that their minds had some very important adaptations that are still with us today.

For starters, they were genetically programmed to cooperate with one another. With life and death hanging in the balance on a day to day basis, the ones who banded together fared better than the loners. They were the fittest, which is why they survived. Genes that led to behaviors that promoted cooperation flourished. The other major adaptation has to do with the quest for status. With limited resources available, humans in ancestral times fell into hierarchies, much like chickens fall into what is known as a pecking order. The ones on top got their pick of the food, shelter, and mates. The ones on bottom missed out and died off. Therefore, humans developed the tendency to recognize their place in the hierarchy and to do whatever it took to move up. These two adaptations produced a host of human emotions, and it those emotions that influence much of how we interpret and react to the world today, even though it bears no resemblance to the environment of our ancestors.

Emotions are the connection between our genes and our behavior. Not always, of course, but a lot more than we would expect. We are certainly not robots driven entirely by our genes. However, the emotions that have their basis in our DNA are at work every day of our lives, coloring how we deal with everything. The emotions that come from cooperation are the feelings of friendship, gratitude, anger, sympathy, and loyalty. The emotions that come from the quest for status include admiration, envy, and resentment. We feel these emotions today because they were the key to survival for our ancestors.

In caveman times, humans did not have the cognitive ability to conceive of the value of cooperating. Their genes simply programmed them to experience emotions that led to cooperative behaviors. For example, one who does a favor for another should expect that favor to be returned. Over time, individuals who repaid favors were met with feelings of friendship. This was nature’s version of a good credit history, so to speak. Individuals who did not return favors were met with anger. In this way, man’s emotions led him to participate in mutually beneficial, or in scientific terms, reciprocally altruistic relationships. Gratitude was felt when one was in debt, prompting him to repay his benefactor. Loyalty was an extension of friendship – humans looked out for those who always repaid favors, knowing that there was nothing to lose. Sympathy was man’s version of bargain hunting. When a guy was down on his luck, a few scraps of meat could mean the difference between life and death. The sympathetic caveman could then expect the meat to be repaid at a profit. Nature is quite shrewd sometimes. This is definitely true with respect to status.

Envy kept the caveman in pursuit a higher place on the tribal totem pole. By wanting what the high status individuals had, one would take actions that would lead him to obtain it. And though he may have been jealous of those high status individuals, he was likely to have admired them. This would keep him close enough to them to learn what it was they did to get to the top. Resentment, on the other hand, served to knock the high status individuals off the hill. Resentment prompted individuals to take actions that would reduce the status of the leaders, thereby elevating their own. It is amazing to imagine cavemen cooperating and angling for status simply by following their genetically-driven emotional drives, but that, according to evolutionary psychologists, is exactly what they did. The problem is that these emotions are still a major part of our mental machinery. They are the reason why we humans are much more alike than we are different, and they are the reason we can’t seem to solve so many of the problems in our world.

The Pen (or keyboard) is Mightier Than The Sword

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As the opening post to this blog, I thought I’d take a moment to describe the setting of this human drama. Here we are in the most prosperous time in the history of our species. The information age is upon us. We are instantly aware of events that transpire on the other side of the globe. We can travel inexpensively to most anywhere and stick a little plastic card in a machine that spits out money – in the right currency, at any time of day. Buildings that rise well beyond the clouds can be financed, designed, and constructed in years that can be counted on one hand. Here in America, food is abundant, cheap, and available at nearly any street corner (even if it isn’t always good for us). The days of back-breaking labor are behind most all wage earners – especially the ones reading this. Yes, life today is light years beyond the dreams of our forefathers. Yet, many of the problems that have plagued mankind are still with us, in full force.

There is still far too much hate and intolerance in this world. There is still far too much insecurity and self-loathing in the minds of men (and women, lest my literary tendencies offend). There is still far too much jealousy and pettiness in human interaction. Group think is as strong as ever. The us against them mentality still reigns supreme in virtually all human endeavors. Ignorance and superstition are still paramount among the masses. How could this be? How could we have come so far as a species and yet the words of Plato and Shakespeare still ring as true today as they did when they first fell upon man’s ears?

Should we not expect that our technological and societal advances would have rendered the words of the great bard and earlier philosophers anachronistic and altogether foreign? After all, they had no Internet. They had no ATMs or drive-thru windows or cell phones or Wal-Marts. In earlier centuries, death was an accepted part of everyday life. Here I am at the age of 33 and I have never lost anyone close to me. This is truly curious. How is it that the great thinkers of the past had such lasting insights into arc of human existence? Though we are adorned much more extravagantly these days, the only possible explanation is that something must be transcending our cultural advances. That something is our genes.

When we examine this curiosity against the backdrop of natural selection, we quickly realize that humanity has remained largely unchanged behaviorally because our genes have not changed to any significant degree for tens of thousands of years. We have the minds of cavemen, which brings me to the point of this blog.

If we are to take the next step as a species, if we are to render the words of Shakespeare historical rather than prescient, then we must understand what it is our genes are up to and take active steps to place the bad ones on the sidelines…for good. Of course, this is an overly simplistic and figurative idea. I do not mean to suggest that there is a specific “gene” for tribalism, for example, that we can identify and excise because we don’t like what it does to humans in a modern world.

The idea is that we must understand that our minds are built by our genes, and that our genes evolved in an environment that does not exist today. That environment promoted the aspects of our nature that have been captured so brilliantly by our philosophers and literary leaders, and many of those aspects are in dire need of an overhaul. But this is not a bad news story.

We have a long history of taming our genes. Birth control, monogamy, the rule of law, capitalism, and gene therapy are all examples of mankind overruling genetic influences in favor the conscious desires of human beings. We can, and must, do the same thing with respect to many of our caveman proclivities. This blog is dedicated to exploring this concept. I have written a book on the subject, but it occurs to me that current events offer excellent opportunities to point out where our ancient minds are doing us harm, and more importantly, to point out what it takes to fix things. If we are successful in transitioning to the next era of Homo sapiens, we will not recognize the human characters in the writings of Shakespeare and Plato centuries from now. Let’s get on with it…